\subsection*{Practice 3.4: Routing Protocols and Wireless Infrastructure (Subtemas 3.7, 3.8 y 3.9)}

\begin{objetivopractica}
The student will explore the differences between static and dynamic routing protocols while examining wireless network devices and access point configurations. This practice will demonstrate how routers share network information automatically and how wireless infrastructure components provide connectivity at different frequency bands.
\end{objetivopractica}

The practice begins with the student creating a new GNS3 project named "Routing and Wireless Demo." They will build a network topology with multiple routers to demonstrate routing protocols and examine wireless device characteristics.

\definicion{routing protocol}{A set of rules that routers use to exchange network information and build routing tables automatically}

The student creates a triangular network topology using three routers connected in a triangle pattern. Each router connects to at least one PC network segment, creating multiple paths between different network destinations.

% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figuras/captura34_routing_topology.png}

The practice begins with static routing configuration where the student manually configures routing table entries on each router. They learn how to specify destination networks, next-hop addresses, and administrative distances for static routes.

\definicion{static routing}{A routing method where network administrators manually configure routing table entries}

The student configures static routes to enable communication between all network segments. They test connectivity using ping commands and observe how packets follow the manually configured paths through the network.

The practice includes examining routing table contents using show commands to verify that static routes appear correctly. The student documents which routes are directly connected versus manually configured static routes.

\definicion{routing table}{A database that contains information about network destinations and how to reach them}

% \href{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXXXXXX}{Routing protocols and wireless devices}

To demonstrate dynamic routing, the student removes the static route configurations and implements a simple dynamic routing protocol such as RIP. They configure the protocol on all routers and observe how routing tables populate automatically.

\definicion{RIP}{Routing Information Protocol - a simple dynamic routing protocol that uses hop count as a metric}

The student observes how dynamic routing protocols exchange network information by examining routing protocol messages. They see how routers share their routing tables with neighboring routers and adapt to network changes.

% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figuras/captura34_dynamic_routing.png}

The practice includes testing network convergence by observing how long it takes for all routers to learn about network changes. The student documents convergence times and understands how dynamic protocols adapt to topology changes.

\definicion{network convergence}{The process by which all routers in a network agree on the optimal paths to all destinations}

The student investigates fault tolerance by simulating link failures and observing how dynamic routing protocols automatically find alternative paths. They compare this behavior with static routing that requires manual intervention.

The practice transitions to wireless infrastructure examination with the student analyzing their local wireless environment. They identify wireless access points, wireless routers, and various client devices that participate in wireless networks.

\definicion{wireless access point}{A network device that provides wireless connectivity by bridging wireless clients to wired network infrastructure}

% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figuras/captura34_wireless_devices.png}

The student uses their computer's wireless network discovery tools to scan for available wireless networks and identify the types of devices broadcasting these networks. They examine signal strengths, network names, and security configurations.

The practice includes examining wireless device characteristics using network analysis tools or smartphone wireless analyzer applications. The student documents device manufacturers, wireless standards, and channel usage for different wireless devices.

The student investigates wireless router functionality by understanding how these devices combine routing, switching, and wireless access point functions in a single device. They examine dual-band operation at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies.

\definicion{wireless router}{A device that combines router, switch, and wireless access point functionality for small network environments}

\definicion{dual-band wireless}{Wireless devices that operate simultaneously on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands}

The practice includes examining wireless access point configuration by accessing a wireless device's web-based management interface. The student explores wireless configuration sections for both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band settings.

% \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figuras/captura34_wireless_config.png}

The student investigates channel selection options for both frequency bands. They observe how 2.4 GHz provides fewer non-overlapping channels while 5 GHz offers more channel options with less interference potential.

\definicion{wireless channel}{A specific frequency range within the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz bands used for wireless communication}

The practice includes examining wireless security configuration options available for each frequency band. The student compares WPA2 and WPA3 security protocols and understands how encryption protects wireless communications.

The practice concludes with the student creating a comprehensive analysis that compares static versus dynamic routing approaches and documents wireless infrastructure components. They understand how routing automation and wireless technology provide flexible network solutions.

\begin{rubrica}
The student must submit a report containing clear evidence of completing the practice. The document should include screenshots, explanations of observations, and reflection on the learning achieved. The submission must demonstrate that the student understood the concept and was able to apply it with the indicated software.
\end{rubrica}

\subsection*{Suggested Report Format}

\textbf{Title:} Practice 3.4 - Routing Protocols and Wireless Infrastructure \\
\textbf{Objective:} Written by the student according to what they understood. \\
\textbf{Development:} Clear narration of actions performed. \\
\textbf{Evidence:} Screenshots or other data obtained. \\
\textbf{Conclusions:} Technical reflection on what was learned. \\
\textbf{Personal Opinion:} Student's free opinion about the usefulness or difficulty of the practice.